In The Heart of the City, distinguished urban planner Alexander Garvin shares lessons on how to plan for a mix of housing, businesses, and attractions enhance the public realm improve mobility and successfully manage downtown services. The downtowns that are prospering are those that more easily adapt to changing needs and lifestyles. Louis), and still others are resurging after temporary decline (many, including Lower Manhattan and Los Angeles). If we are to have healthy downtowns, we need to understand what downtown is all about how and why some American downtowns never stopped thriving (such as San Jose and Houston), some have been in decline for half a century (including Detroit and St. They are the heart of the city that drives its future.

176–78 and 221–22 Alexander Garvin, .ĭowntowns are more than economic engines: they are repositories of knowledge and culture and generators of new ideas, technology, and ventures. Drawing on the multi-year ground-breaking work of the Discipline Disparities Collaborative, the chapters in this book provide cutting edge knowledge supporting a new national imperative to eliminate race, gender, disability, and sexual orientation-based disciplinary disparities.ĭowntown Denver Partnership website, /wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ State-of-Downtown- Denver-2017_SPRE ADS_email.pdf 17. As educators, policymakers, community leaders, and other youth-serving organizations begin the difficult work of creating more equitable school disciplinary systems, the need for effective disparity-reducing alternatives could not be more important. The negative consequences of frequent and inequitable use of school exclusion are substantial, including higher rates of academic failure, dropout, and contact with the juvenile justice system.

School exclusion-out-of-school suspension and expulsion in particular-remains a substantial component of discipline in our nation’s schools, and those consequences continue to fall disproportionally on certain groups of learners.

This edited volume fills a critical void by providing the most current and authoritative information on what is known about disciplinary disparities.

And the state of Virginia mandated the formation of . In Colorado, state policymakers directed state education dollars to expand from a pilot program to system-wide implementation of restorative practices in Denver (González, 2015).

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